Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

The hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas is glucagon. This hormone plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon functions by signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, particularly when blood sugar levels are low. This action raises blood glucose levels and provides energy to cells, especially during fasting or intense exercise.

The synthesis and release of glucagon is essential for counteracting the action of insulin, which is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose. This balance between glucagon and insulin is vital for homeostasis and ensuring that energy supply is matched with energy demand throughout the body.