Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Parietal cells are specialized cells located in the lining of the stomach that play a crucial role in digestion by secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl). This acid is vital for creating an acidic environment within the stomach, which not only helps in the breakdown of food but also activates the enzyme pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins.

Furthermore, hydrochloric acid serves as a barrier against pathogens, as the low pH kills or inhibits harmful bacteria that may be ingested with food. The ability of parietal cells to produce and secrete this acid is essential for the overall digestive process and helps to maintain the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

In contrast, chief cells are responsible for secreting pepsinogen, the inactive form of the protein-digesting enzyme. Beta cells, which are found in the pancreas, are involved in insulin production, and mucous cells secrete mucus that protects the stomach lining from the harsh acidic environment but do not contribute to acid secretion. Understanding the distinct roles of these cell types highlights the importance of parietal cells in the digestive process.