What occurs to the epiglottis during swallowing?

During swallowing, the epiglottis moves downward to cover the trachea. This action is crucial because it prevents food and liquid from entering the airway, directing it instead into the esophagus. The epiglottis functions as a flap that seals off the trachea when you swallow, ensuring that the food goes down the correct passageway. This mechanism is a vital reflex that protects the respiratory tract from aspiration, which is the entry of food or liquid into the lungs.

The other options do not accurately reflect the function of the epiglottis during swallowing. Its primary role is to cover the trachea rather than to open the airway or allow food to pass through the trachea. Understanding this action highlights the importance of coordinated muscle movements in the swallowing process and how structures like the epiglottis play a protective role during eating.